Diabetes
is considered a serious affection due to its permanent existence, procedures
and moreover the complications that involves. Even though many people all over
the world suffer from diabetes, the specialists haven t discovered yet the real
source of its occurrence. It is very important to mention that people who
suffer from diabetes should ask for medical help as soon as they notice changes
in their body and unusual symptoms.
First
of all, diabetes occurs when the beta cells in the pancreas which produce
insulin are totally destroyed. As we know the food that we eat turns into
glucose or sugar helping our body to use for energy. Once there aren't beta
cells to produce insulin in order to transfer the glucose in the cells, the
sugar remains in the blood and because the body cannot use sugar, it is spilled
over into the urine and lost. Much more, diabetes can lead to severe health
complications, such as heart disease, kidney failure, blindness,
lower-extremity amputations and in many cases even death.
Secondly,
people who notice certain symptoms which indicate the presence of diabetes
should see a physician in order to receive a proper diagnosis. Some of the most
common symptoms which indicate the presence of diabetes are: excessive hunger
and thirst, frequent urination, dramatic weight loss, lack of energy, dry skin,
wounds that heal very hard and even nausea and stomach pains, symptoms which
usually occur in type 1 diabetes.
In
addition to this, there are two types of diabetes which are quoted from the
National Diabetes Fact Sheet: National estimates and general information on
diabetes in the United States (Centres for Disease Control an Prevention.
Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, 1997). Much more, type
1 diabetes tends to be more serious than type 2 diabetes and usually occurs
during the childhood.
Type
1 diabetes also called insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) or
Juvenile-Onset diabetes, is a common disease in children and may account for 5%
to 10% of all diagnosed cases of diabetes. The factors which cause type 1
diabetes aren’t entirely known but it has been considered that genetic
predisposition and environmental factors, such as viral infections might have
an important influence. On the other hand, type 2 diabetes also known as
non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or adult-onset diabetes. This
type of diabetes may appear due to certain factors, such as older age, obesity,
impaired glucose tolerance, family history of diabetes, physical inactivity,
prior history of gestational diabetes and other factors. It has been considered
that certain races and ethnicities, such as African Americans, American
Indians, and Latino Americans are more exposed to get type 2 diabetes than
other people.
Gestational
diabetes seem to occur in 2% to 5% of all pregnancies but the good thing is
that usually disappears when the woman gives birth. Even though a woman who had suffered of gestational
diabetes and healed when the pregnancy was over, might develop type 2 diabetes
in the future.
Furthermore,
there are other types of diabetes which may account for 1% to 2% of all known
cases of diabetes and they occur from genetic syndromes, surgeries, drugs,
malnutrition, infections and much other affection.
Medical
treatments for diabetes are vital for the body and include important changes in
the lifestyle. Diabetes treatments tend to advance in a short time and their role
is to maintain blood glucose near normal levels at all times. For instance,
type 1 diabetes, the most severe type requires a wide range of procedures.
People who suffer from this type of diabetes need a special treatment which
includes: administration of insulin injections, home blood glucose testing
several times a day, certain, calculated diet and also planned physical
exercises. Even though, type 2 diabetes is not so serious like type 1, it also
requires a strict treatment which consists in special diets, physical
activities, home blood glucose testing, oral medication and 40% of the cases
require insulin injections.
The
causes of type 1 diabetes are not entirely identified; it is believed that it
occurs to genetic predisposition or certain viruses which destroy the beta
cells in the pancreas. Some important factors which may develop type 2 diabetes
are lack of activity and overweight.
In
order to take care of the people who suffer from diabetes, the diabetes
community offers, pursued by the US Department of Health and Human Services
offer three options: prevent diabetes, cure diabetes and moreover taking better
care of people with diabetes to prevent dramatic complications. The National
Institutes of Health (NIH) is involved in the research of curing type 1 and
type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, Centres for Disease Control and Prevention
focuses through their programmes on being sure that the proven science is put
into daily practice for people with diabetes.
All
in all, even though diabetes tends to be an incurable illness, the science
tries to discover and consequently to utilize in practice several methods to
cure diabetes, such as pancreas transplantation, artificial pancreas
development, islet cell transplantation and genetic manipulation. However,
until these approaches become reality they need to pass through a series of
investigations like preventing immune rejection, finding an adequate number of
insulin cells, keeping cells alive and many others.
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